A

ACCUMULATOR STABILISER

Adding a soil stabilization substance (such as Soiltac) to non-plastic soil particles or coarse gravel up to 3 inches (75 millimeters) in size will boost the aggregate's compressive, tensile, and shear strengths, as well as its load-bearing capability and longevity.

AIRBORNE DUST MANAGEMENT

The process of preventing dangerous, fine, dry powder pollution (dust) made up of small waste or soil particles (PM) from floating in the air.

ALLIGATORING

An asphalt pavement distress kind. In particular, the surface cracking of fatigue (Alligator) resembles the texture of an alligator. Potential reasons include:

• Excessive loading
• Weak surface, base, or subgrade
• Thin surface or base
• Poor drainage

B

BINDING AGENTS

A substance that binds, constricts, coheres, or restrains soil particles, such as soil tac. Binding agents are frequently employed as a surface wear course for unpaved roads, to stop soil fines from migrating, and to manage dust and erosion.

C

CALIFORNIA BEARING RATIO (CBR)

A penetration test for assessing the mechanical toughness of base courses and subgrades for roads. Before World War II, the California Department of Transportation created it.

With a plunger of standardised area, the test is conducted by determining the pressure necessary to penetrate a soil sample. The pressure that must be applied to a standard crushed rock material in order to obtain an identical penetration is then subtracted from the measured pressure.

In ASTM Standards D1883-05 and D4429 as well as AASHTO T193, the CBR test is described. The CBR rating was created to gauge the soils' ability to support loads during the construction of roads. The CBR can also be used to gauge the soils beneath paved airstrips or the load-bearing capability of unimproved airstrips. The CBR rating rises as the surface becomes tougher.

CERTIFICATE OF ANALYSIS (COA)

reports that are legally binding and attest to a product's test results.

COARSE DUST PARTICLES

"Coarse" particles are those with a diameter of 2.5 to 10 micrometers. Crushing and grinding processes as well as dust that is stirred up by moving vehicles on highways are sources of coarse particles.

D

DECOMPOSED GRANITE

A naturally occurring stone for landscaping that comes in a variety of colors and has been cracked and worn into tiny pieces. Decomposed granite, often known as DG, is frequently used as a surface course on footpaths, low-traffic roads, parking lots, and slopes to reduce water erosion.

DG STABILIZER

Decomposed granite (DG) is blended with a soil stabilization substance (such as Soiltac) to bind, constrain, cohere, and restrain the natural stone's particles. To boost load-bearing capacity, manage dust, and stop water erosion on decomposed granite pathways, roads, and parking lots, a DG stabilizer is frequently applied.

DUST CONTROL

the method of preventing dangerous, fine, dry powder (dust) made up of small waste or soil particles from floating in the air.

DUST CONTROL POLYMER

A particular form of dust-suppressing substance made up of many monomers—repeated subunits—repeatedly. The polymerization of many monomers results in the creation of polymers, both natural and artificial (such as Soiltac). Even though polymer types generally have a wide variety of properties, their large molecular mass in comparison to small molecule compounds gives rise to special physical characteristics like toughness, viscoelasticity, and a propensity to form films and semi-crystalline structures rather than crystals. Polymer's adhesive and coating qualities are useful for reducing fine particles and regulating dust because of its ability to adhere.

DUST SUPPRESSION

The practise of using chemical additives (such as Soiltac or Durasoil) to prevent dangerous dry powder (dust) made up of microscopic trash or earth particles from floating into the air.

DWELL TIME

The amount of time it takes for a liquid dust suppressant that has been sprayed topically to totally and completely seep into the ground (soil or aggregate). As the liquid is initially drawn down into the ground by gravity, lighter air is displaced from the ground's gaps. Eventually, as the liquid keeps penetrating and coating the ground's particles, the air spaces reappear. The permeability of the ground, the viscosity of the liquid dust suppressant, and the in-situ moisture content of the ground are the main determinants of dwell duration.

E

EXPEDITIONARY

A military categorization for goods that can be used without the need for additional specialised or non-standard equipment. Expeditionary products must rely on locally accessible standard issue hardware in the operational theatre. Expeditionary products aim to streamline use and reduce logistical footprints.

F

FEEDSTOCK SUPPLY

The foundational substance from which goods, completed products, or intermediate materials (which are themselves feedstock for finished products) are produced or made is known as a raw material or feedstock. The phrase "feedstock" denotes a bottleneck item that is vital to the creation of other products. For instance, crude oil serves as a raw ingredient for finished goods in the industries of gasoline, plastic, industrial chemicals, and pharmaceuticals. The word "raw material" refers to substances that have undergone little to no processing, such as raw latex, coal, iron ore, logs, crude oil, air, or seawater.

FINE PARTICLES (PM2.5)

"Fine" particles are defined as those with a diameter smaller than 2.5 micrometers. Only an electron microscope can identify these tiny particles. All forms of combustion, including those in cars, power plants, homes, agricultural burning, forest fires, and some industrial activities, are sources of fine particles.

FOD CONTROL

The act of preventing earthen objects (soil, gravel, pebbles, etc.) that shouldn't be in or around airplanes from hurting airport or airline staff or damaging airplanes is known as foreign object damage (FOD).

FROST HEAVE

When the soil surface freezes, ice forms beneath it, causing frost heaving (or a frost heave). Starting at the freezing front or border in the soil, the ice spreads out vertically towards the surface in the direction of heat loss. It needs water to keep generating ice crystals, and the soil above it restricts the growth of the ice by applying a load that prevents it from expanding vertically and encourages the development of an ice lens in the soil. However, one or more growing ice lenses have enough force to elevate a layer of soil by at least 30 cm. The soil must be sufficiently porous for water to penetrate through and feed the creation of ice lenses.

FUGITIVE DUST

A kind of nonpoint source air pollution made up of tiny airborne particles that don't come from a single location, such a smoke stack or gravel pit. The main causes of fugitive dust are wind and human activity, such as travel on unpaved dirt roads, building projects and land development.

G

GRAVEL BINDER

To strengthen the gravel's compressive, tensile, and shear strength as well as its load-bearing capability and longevity, a soil stabilization compound (such as Soiltac) is blended with non-plastic soil particles or stones ranging in size from 0.19"/4.8mm (fine gravel) to 3"/75mm (coarse gravel).

GRAVEL STABILIZER

A soil stabilization substance, such as Soiltac, is combined with non-plastic soil particles or stones ranging in size from 0.19"/4.8mm (fine gravel) to 3"/75mm (coarse gravel), to strengthen the gravel's compressive, tensile, and shear strength, as well as its load bearing capability and longevity.

J

JOINT STATEMENT OF WORK (JSOW)

A formal document that lists and specifies the tasks, products, and timetable that a vendor must do to complete the requested work for a client. Standard regulatory and governance terms and conditions are typically included in the JSOW along with specific requirements and price. A JSOW differs from a Statement of Work (SOW) in that it is jointly created by the customer and the vendor, as opposed to only the vendor.

K

KOPP-ETCHELLS EFFECT

When a helicopter descends into the air, sand and dust particles are kicked up, and they collide with the metal rotor blades as they move quickly through the air. An abrasion strip made of titanium or nickel is placed over the blades to guard them against deterioration. Sand, on the other hand, is tougher than this substance, so when the two collide as the helicopter's blades slice through the air, sparks fly all around it.

M

MAG SPEC(S)

The Maricopa Association of Governments (MAG) creates and disseminates specifications and information on the building of public works in Maricopa County, Arizona.

MDD

The peak point of the compaction curve (highest density) and its related moisture content, also known as the optimal moisture content (OMC), is used to determine the maximum dry density (MDD) of soil or aggregate.

MSHA

The Federal Mine Safety and Health Act of 1977 (Mine Act) is administered by the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA), an agency of the US Department of Labour. The Mine Act's provisions aim to eliminate fatal accidents, reduce the frequency and severity of nonfatal accidents, minimize health risks, and promote improved safety and health conditions in the country's mines. Regardless of size, personnel count, commodity mined, or extraction method, MSHA enforces the Mine Act's requirements at all mining and mineral processing businesses in the US.

O

OMC

An experimental approach for measuring the optimal moisture content (OMC) at which a specific soil type will become most dense and reach its maximum dry density is the Proctor compaction test. The peak point of the compaction curve and its related moisture content, also known as the ideal moisture content, are used to calculate the maximum dry density.

P

PAH

In addition to being fused aromatic rings without heteroatoms or substituents, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), commonly referred to as poly-aromatic hydrocarbons or polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, are also known as. Oil, coal, and tar deposits include PAHs, which are byproducts of burning fuel. They are serious air pollutants. Some substances have been proven to be teratogenic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic.

PARAFFIN

Alkanes, often known as paraffin, are saturated hydrocarbons in organic chemistry. Alkanes only have single bonds between their hydrogen and carbon atoms. All alkanes lack both color and smell.

PARTICULATE MATTER (PM)

The term "particulate matter" refers to the mixture of solids and liquid droplets that make up particle pollution. Some particles are released into the atmosphere directly, while others are created when other contaminants react. There are many different sizes of particles. PM10 particles, which have a diameter of fewer than 10 micrometers, are so tiny that they can enter the lungs and potentially cause major health issues. The width of a single human hair is ten times smaller than a micrometer.

PERMEABILITY

The ability of soil or aggregate permeability allows fluids to pass through its air voids (pore spaces).

POLYOLEFIN

Any member of a group of artificial resins made by polymerizing olefins (hydrocarbons).

POUR POINT

The temperature at which a liquid loses its flow properties and turns semi-solid is known as the pour point.

R

RED HORSE

Heavy construction squadrons are known as Rapid Expeditionary Deployable Heavy Operational Repair Squadron Engineers (RED HORSE) squadrons in the US Air Force. Their talents are comparable to those of the U.S. Army's heavy construction organizations and the U.S. Navy Seabees.

ROAD DUST ABATEMENT

Using chemical additives, such as Soiltac or Durasoil, to prevent dangerous, fine, dry powder (dust) made up of tiny bits of a road surface material, such as clay, sand, dirt, or gravel, from floating in the air.

RUNWAY STABILIZER

On an unimproved airfield runway, a substance (such as Soiltac) is combined with in-situ soil to boost the runway's compressive, tensile, and shear strength while enhancing load-bearing capacity and longevity. In distant, harsh regions where standard runway materials (asphalt and concrete pavements) are either unavailable or inaccessible, runway stabilizers are frequently employed for quick airfield construction. The installation of runway stabilizers prevents Foreign Object Debris (FOD), enhances safety for takeoffs and landings, and prolongs the runway's useful life.

S

SDS

Chemical producers, distributors, or importers are obligated by the U.S. Department of Labor's Occupational Safety and Health Administration's Hazard Communication Standard to provide Safety Data Sheets (SDSs), formerly known as Material Safety Data Sheets or MSDSs, to explain the risks associated with hazardous chemical products. SDSs follow a standard format and include the following section numbers, headings, and accompanying information: 1. Identification comprises the product's unique identification as well as the name, address, and phone number of the maker or distributor, as well as an emergency contact number. 2. Identification of the hazard(s) encompasses all risks associated with the chemical and the necessary label components. 3. The composition and information on the substances contain assertions about trade secrets and chemical compounds. 4. First-aid measures include significant immediate and delayed symptoms and consequences, as well as the necessary treatment. 5. Firefighting precautions list appropriate extinguishing methods, tools, and chemical dangers

SOIL BINDER

A soil stabilization substance that binds, constricts, coheres, or restrains soil particles, such as Soiltac. Binding agents are frequently employed as a surface wear course for unpaved roads, to stop soil fines from migrating, and to manage dust and erosion.

SOIL BINDING AGENT

a building material created by combining natural dirt, portland cement, and water. It produces a semi-rigid, long-lasting material with strong compressive and shear strengths, but it is extremely brittle and has very little tensile strength, making it vulnerable to cracking. In road building, soil cement is frequently used as a sub-base layer to preserve and reinforce the subgrade as well as for pipe bedding and slope protection. Cement-treated bases (CTB), soil-cement bases (SCB), and cement-modified soils (CMS) are some other names for these materials.

SOIL HARDENER

A soil stabilization substance (such as Soiltac) that binds and attaches soil particles physically in order to strengthen their cohesiveness. Soil hardeners are frequently used to stabilise unstable roads to strengthen their weight bearing capacity under vehicle traffic or to form a surface crust to reduce dust and erosion.

SOIL STABILIZATION

The process of altering soil to increase its compressive, tensile, and shear strength as well as its durability and ability to support weight.

SOIL STABILIZER

A substance that is combined with in-situ soil (such as Soiltac) to boost the soil's compressive, tensile, and shear strengths while enhancing its load-bearing capability and longevity.

SOIL SURFACTANT

A surface-active agent is a type of chemical additive wetting agent that lowers water's surface tension so that water can permeate the soil's surface more quickly.

SURFACE TENSION

A liquid's surface has a propensity to constrict, which makes it able to withstand external forces. Any time an object or insect (like water striders) that is denser than water can float or run over the water surface, for instance, surface tension is exposed. The higher attraction of water molecules to one another (because of cohesion) than to air (due to adhesion) at liquid-air contacts leads to surface tension. The resultant force at its surface leads water to behave as though a stretched elastic membrane were covering it. Water has a higher surface tension than the majority of other substances due to the comparatively strong attraction of its molecules to one another.

SWPPP

A Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) is a site-specific document or group of documents that identify potential stormwater pollution sources, describes stormwater control measures, such as BMPs, to reduce or eliminate the pollutants identified, and also specifies the steps operators will take to comply with particular permit requirements. An SWPPP can be offered for a variety of reasons, but the most frequent one is to manage stormwater pollution during industrial operations and construction activities.

T

TOP

At room temperature, Tall Oil Pitch (TOP) is a semi-solid, sticky, dark brown material. The black liquor produced by coniferous wood's alkaline digestion, most notably the kraft wood pulping process, is used to produce TOP. Usually, the black fluid is concentrated and settled to produce soap skimmings that contain unsaponifiable's, sodium salts of resin acids, and fatty acid salts.

U

USCS

The texture and grain size of soil are described using the Unified Soil Classification System (USCS), a soil classification system used in engineering and geology. Most unconsolidated materials can be classified using this technique, which is denoted by a two-letter symbol.

W

WETTING AGENT

A surface-active agent (surfactant), a chemical addition that lowers the surface tension of water. A lower water surface tension makes it easier for water to quickly permeate materials like soil, sand, and clay. A chemical addition (such as Durasoil) that mimics water's behavior by coating and "wetting" soil particles and agglomerating tiny particulates to reduce dust is another option for a wetting agent. This method is frequently used for long-term applications.